zpostcode
capital punishment in the United States
May 3, 2026 1:09 AM

  Capital punishment is legal in some U.S. states and not legal in others. In some states it has been officially or effectively put on hold as a result of gubernatorial actions. The map and table below indicate the legal or effective status, methods, and recent history of capital punishment in each of the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia.

  

Legal Status of Capital Punishment in the United States
The Supreme Court’s 1972 ruling in Furman v. Georgia, which found the imposition of capital punishment in Georgia to be “arbitrary” and “capricious,” placed a de facto moratorium on executions in the United States. Many states resumed executions after amending their laws to comply with the Court’s decision. In its 1976 ruling in Gregg v. Georgia, the Court found that new standards for imposing capital punishment adopted by Georgia and other states were sufficiently clear and objective.
state legal or effective status authorized methods of execution dates of post-Furman reinstatement, abolition, or moratorium
Alabama (AL) legal lethal injection, electrocution, nitrogen hypoxia Capital punishment was reinstated in 1976.
Alaska (AK) not legal none Capital punishment was abolished by the legislature of the territory of Alaska in 1957.
Arizona (AZ) under moratorium lethal injection, gas chamber Capital punishment was reinstated in 1973. In 2023 executions were put on hold by Gov. Katie Hobbs, pending completion of a review of Arizona’s execution protocols.
Arkansas (AR) legal lethal injection, electrocution Capital punishment was reinstated in 1973.
California (CA) under moratorium lethal injection, lethal gas Capital punishment was reinstated in 1977. In 2019 Gov. Gavin Newsom issued an executive order granting reprieves to all persons sentenced to death in California.
Colorado (CO) not legal none Capital punishment was reinstated in 1975 and abolished in 2020.
Connecticut (CT) not legal none Capital punishment was reinstated in 1973 and abolished in 2012.
Delaware (DE) not legal none Capital punishment was reinstated in 1974 and abolished in 2016.
District of Columbia (DC) not legal none Capital punishment was abolished in 1981.
Florida (FL) legal lethal injection, electrocution Capital punishment was reinstated in 1972.
Georgia (GA) legal lethal injection Capital punishment was reinstated in 1973.
Hawaii (HI) not legal none Capital punishment was abolished by the legislature of the territory of Hawaii in 1957.
Idaho (ID) legal lethal injection Capital punishment was reinstated in 1973.
Illinois (IL) not legal none Capital punishment was reinstated in 1974 and abolished in 2011.
Indiana (IN) legal lethal injection Capital punishment was reinstated in 1973.
Iowa (IA) not legal none Capital punishment was abolished in 1965.
Kansas (KS) legal lethal injection Capital punishment was reinstated in 1994.
Kentucky (KY) legal lethal injection, electrocution Capital punishment was reinstated in 1975.
Louisiana (LA) legal lethal injection Capital punishment was reinstated in 1973.
Maine (ME) not legal none Capital punishment was abolished in 1887.
Maryland (MD) not legal none Capital punishment was reinstated in 1978 and abolished in 2013.
Massachusetts (MA) not legal none Capital punishment was reinstated in 1982 and abolished in 1984.
Michigan (MI) not legal none Capital punishment was abolished in 1847.
Minnesota (MN) not legal none Capital punishment was abolished in 1911.
Mississippi (MS) legal lethal injection Capital punishment was reinstated in 1974.
Missouri (MO) legal lethal injection, lethal gas Capital punishment was reinstated in 1975.
Montana (MT) legal lethal injection Capital punishment was reinstated in 1974.
Nebraska (NE) legal lethal injection Capital punishment was reinstated in 1973, abolished in 2015, and reinstated in 2016.
Nevada (NV) legal lethal injection Capital punishment was reinstated in 1973.
New Hampshire (NH) not legal none Capital punishment was reinstated in 1991 and abolished in 2019.
New Jersey (NJ) not legal none Capital punishment was reinstated in 1982 and abolished in 2007.
New Mexico (NM) not legal none Capital punishment was reinstated in 1979 and abolished in 2009.
New York (NY) not legal none Capital punishment was reinstated in 1973, abolished in 1984, reinstated in 1995, and abolished in 2007.
North Carolina (NC) legal lethal injection Capital punishment was reinstated in 1977.
North Dakota (ND) not legal none Capital punishment was abolished in 1973.
Ohio (OH) under moratorium lethal injection Capital punishment was reinstated in 1974. Since 2020 Gov. Mike DeWine has delayed scheduled executions after rejecting lethal injection as a method of capital punishment.
Oklahoma (OK) legal lethal injection, electrocution, firing squad, nitrogen hypoxia Capital punishment was reinstated in 1973.
Oregon (OR) under moratorium lethal injection Capital punishment was reinstated in 1978. In 2011 Gov. John Kitzhaber declared a moratorium on executions in Oregon; the moratorium has been maintained by his successors.
Pennsylvania (PA) under moratorium lethal injection Capital punishment was reinstated in 1974. In 2015 Gov. Tom Wolf declared a moratorium on executions in Pennsylvania; the moratorium was extended by Gov. Josh Shapiro in 2023.
Rhode Island (RI) not legal none Capital punishment was reinstated in 1973 and abolished in 1984.
South Carolina (SC) legal lethal injection, electrocution Capital punishment was reinstated in 1974.
South Dakota (SD) legal lethal injection Capital punishment was reinstated in 1979.
Tennessee (TN) under moratorium lethal injection, electrocution Capital punishment was reinstated in 1974. In 2022 Gov. Bill Lee halted executions scheduled for that year pending a review of Tennessee’s execution protocol; he later announced a further stay until problems with the protocol were resolved.
Texas (TX) legal lethal injection Capital punishment was reinstated in 1974.
Utah (UT) legal lethal injection, firing squad Capital punishment was reinstated in 1973.
Vermont (VT) not legal none Capital punishment was abolished in 1972.
Virginia (VA) not legal none Capital punishment was reinstated in 1975 and abolished in 2021.
Washington (WA) not legal none Capital punishment was reinstated in 1975 and abolished in 2018.
West Virginia (WV) not legal none Capital punishment was abolished in 1965.
Wisconsin (WI) not legal none Capital punishment was abolished in 1853.
Wyoming (WY) legal lethal injection, lethal gas Capital punishment was reinstated in 1977.

Comments
Welcome to zpostcode comments! Please keep conversations courteous and on-topic. To fosterproductive and respectful conversations, you may see comments from our Community Managers.
Sign up to post
Sort by
Show More Comments
Recommend >
Christopher Allen Wright
     Christopher Allen Wright U.S. Energy Secretary Christopher Wright was confirmed on February 3, 2025, by a vote of 59–38 in the U.S. Senate. (more) Christopher Allen Wright American politician, businessman and engineer Also known as: Chris Wright Written by Anca Gurzu Anca Gurzu is Cipher’s chief Europe correspondent, based in Brussels, Belgium. Anca Gurzu Fact-checked by Britannica Editors Encyclopaedia...
Today in History—April 7: That time the U.S. briefly lost a nuclear bomb
     Today in History is a daily newsletter from Britannica. (more) Today in History—April 7: That time the U.S. briefly lost a nuclear bomb Written by Michele Metych Michele Metych is the lead editor for Today in History at Encyclopædia Britannica. Michele Metych Fact-checked by Britannica Editors Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether...
Carol Kaye
  Carol Kaye American musician Also known as: Carol Smith Written by Kara Rogers Kara Rogers is the senior editor of biomedical sciences at Encyclopædia Britannica, where she oversees a range of content from medicine and genetics to microorganisms. She joined Britannica in 2006 and... Kara Rogers Fact-checked by Britannica Editors Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have...
Seven Pillars of Wisdom
     T.E. Lawrence T.E. Lawrence, author of Seven Pillars of Wisdom (1926) in about 1918. (more) Seven Pillars of Wisdom work by Lawrence Written by Raphael Hallett Raphael Hallett is the author of the History section of 501 Must-Read Books. His work appears in Encyclopaedia Britannica as part of a joint publishing agreement with the publisher of 501... Raphael Hallett...
Information Recommendation
Gisèle Pelicot
     “Gisèle, the women thank you” Gisèle Pelicot walking past a sign of support on her way to court for the trial of her former husband and dozens of other men who were convicted of drugging and raping her. (more) Gisèle Pelicot She was drugged and abused by dozens of men. When she accused them in open court, she became...
Hidden Figures
     Janelle Monáe in Hidden Figures Janelle Monáe as Mary Jackson in Hidden Figures (2016). (more) Hidden Figures film by Melfi [2016] Written by Karen Sottosanti Karen Sottosanti is a writer and editor who works in educational publishing. Karen Sottosanti Fact-checked by Britannica Editors Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of...
List of Strange Deaths in the Mughal Empire
     Babur A miniature portrait of Babur inspecting a garden was painted in the 16th century to illustrate a manuscript copy of the Baburnama. The book is in the British Library (MS. Or 3714). (more) List of Strange Deaths in the Mughal Empire Written by Tamanna Nangia Tamanna Nangia is Associate Editor, Encyclopaedia Britannica. She has over five years of...
Lohri
     Lohri Celebrants gathering around a bonfire during Lohri celebrations at Dilli Haat in New Delhi, on January 13, 2019. (more) Lohri harvest festival Also known as: Loi Written by Tamanna Nangia Tamanna Nangia is Associate Editor, Encyclopaedia Britannica. She has over five years of experience in editorial processes, handling many different aspects of the publishing process: content development,... Tamanna...
gunpowder empires
     Mughal era gunpowder holder This 17th-century zoomorphic priming flask, with intricately carved animals, was made from ivory. These small vessels were used to hold fine-grained gunpowder for priming the main charge in a firearm. (more) gunpowder empires Written by Shatarupa Chaudhuri Shatarupa Chaudhuri is a senior editor at Encyclopaedia Britannica, bringing over 15 years of editorial experience in news...
Today in History—April 6: ABBA Makes History—and References It
     Today in History is a daily newsletter from Britannica. (more) Today in History—April 6: ABBA Makes History—and References It Written by Meg Matthias Meg Matthias is Senior Video Production Manager at Encyclopædia Britannica. Meg Matthias Fact-checked by Britannica Editors Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working...
myosin
     The structure of actin and myosin filaments Myosin proteins bind to actin filaments and use ATP hydrolysis to drive contraction and movement, acting as a molecular motor in muscles and nonmuscle cells. (more) myosin protein Written by Kara Rogers Kara Rogers is the senior editor of biomedical sciences at Encyclopædia Britannica, where she oversees a range of content from...
Today in History—April 5: The U.S. Joins the Metric System—Sort Of
     Today in History is a daily newsletter from Britannica. (more) Today in History—April 5: The U.S. Joins the Metric System—Sort Of Written by Erik Gregersen Erik Gregersen is a senior editor at Encyclopaedia Britannica, specializing in the physical sciences and technology. Before joining Britannica in 2007, he worked at the University of Chicago Press on the... Erik Gregersen Fact-checked...