The advisor takes a cut© vectorfusionart/stock.adobe.com, © nuruddean/stock.adobe.com, © Link Art/stock.adobe.com; Photo illustration Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.Working with a financial advisor can be a game changer, helping you to reach your financial goals more quickly. But expert advice isn’t free, and knowing how your advisor is paid is an important consideration when deciding whom to hire.

　　The way a financial advisor is compensated can influence the recommendations you’ll receive—and fees matter when considering potential conflicts of interest. Fees from a financial advisor can come in many forms and may be layered. In addition to the fees an advisor charges, you may incur additional costs depending on your investment choices. For instance, investing in a mutual fund could involve paying a sales load and other ongoing expenses.

　　1. Fees based on total assets managedSome financial advisors assess fees based on the total amount of your financial holdings and investments, known as assets under management (AUM). An AUM-based fee is calculated as a percentage of your portfolio’s total value and is typically collected annually. A financial advisor may use a tiered fee structure, decreasing the fee’s percentage as the value of your portfolio rises.

　　Your portfolio is large or complex. AUM-based financial advisors typically have the most experience with high-value and sophisticated portfolios, offering services like tax and estate planning to cater to complex financial needs.Continuous portfolio management is a priority. AUM-based financial advisors typically provide ongoing portfolio management with high responsiveness to market changes, all for a single annual fee. You want your advisor’s interests to be in sync with your financial goals. The AUM fee structure pays your financial advisor more as the value of your portfolio rises, aligning your goals with those of your advisor.Traditional financial planners and wealth managers commonly use AUM-based fees. Robo-advisors, which are app-based programs that automate advice according to your investing preferences, may also base fees on AUM. But the fee percentages are typically much lower than those offered by traditional advisors.

　　How much lower? Typical robo-advisor fees range from 0.25% to 0.5% of AUM, while financial advisors are more likely to charge 1% or more (although they vary widely).

　　Have you started saving toward retirement? If so, great! But how do you decide what to invest in? Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.2. Commission-based feesA financial advisor may use a commission-based fee structure, which means that the financial advisor is compensated by the provider of a financial product, by you (the client), or both whenever a transaction in your portfolio is completed. Advisors paid by both sources are known as “fee based.”

　　Suppose you meet with a financial advisor who recommends investing in a particular mutual fund. The consultation itself is free, but you pay a commission based on the number of shares in the fund you buy. A fee-based advisor also gets a commission from the mutual fund provider based on the number of shares you purchase.

　　Working with a financial advisor who earns a commission might be suitable if you make only occasional portfolio changes or need assistance only with specific investment products. Commission-based fees (typically 1% to 2% of the total transaction value) are generally more budget friendly than ongoing advisory services, as you’re charged only when you complete a transaction.

　　If you choose to work with a financial advisor who earns commissions, watch for any potential conflicts of interest. For example, be wary if they recommend a mutual fund that’s not well suited to your financial goals but pays the advisor a higher commission.

　　3. Hourly fees for financial advicePaying an hourly fee to a financial advisor is a straightforward way to get portfolio advice. Advisors who are paid solely by their clients and not by financial product providers work on a “fee-only” basis.

　　Every financial advisor may set an hourly rate and require a minimum number of billable hours. Advisors’ rates vary widely based on expertise, location, and the complexity of financial advice needed. Hourly rates of $150 to $400 are common.

　　Working with a financial advisor who charges by the hour may be suitable if you’re seeking specific assistance. Perhaps you need financial advice only occasionally or only want a one-time consultation, which can be useful for getting a second opinion. Hours-based financial advice is generally cost-effective, and pricing is often flexible and transparent. Because your advisor has no financial stake in your decisions, you can be assured of no conflicts of interest.

　　4. Flat-fee structuresPaying a flat fee to a financial advisor is a simple way to receive custom investment advice. Flat fees, often offered by fee-only advisors, can take several forms:

　　Session. A session-based fee is billed each time you meet with your financial advisor.Service. A flat fee is billed for each specific service, such as creating a financial plan.Monthly. A monthly retainer fee covers comprehensive, ongoing advisory services.Subscription. Billed monthly or annually, a subscription fee applies to a prescribed set of advisory services, often offered in tiers based on your needs.In absolute terms, flat fees charged by financial advisors vary considerably. (For example, a comprehensive financial plan might cost $2,000 and require only a single payment, while a retainer fee might exceed $800 monthly.) Services billed by each session or service or by subscription typically have the lowest flat fees. Monthly retainer fees may be unaffordable for many investors (not unlike keeping an attorney on retainer). The benefit of a simple flat fee is its transparency, aligning your interests with your financial advisor’s by eliminating conflicts of interest.

　　

Comparison of investment advisor fees

Fee type	Pros	Cons
Assets under management (AUM)	Aligns advisor’s interests with portfolio growth; typically includes continuous management.	Can be expensive for large portfolios. Typically charge ongoing fees regardless of performance.
Commission	Lower costs if you trade infrequently. Suitable for clients who need occasional advice.	Potential conflicts of interest with product recommendations. Fees apply for each transaction.
Hourly rate	Transparent and flexible for specific guidance. Cost-effective for one-time consultations.	Costs can add up if frequent consultations are needed. May not be suitable for ongoing management.
Flat fee	Predictable costs, no conflicts of interest from commissions, and suitable for tailored services.	May not be cost-effective for complex, high-worth portfolios requiring frequent management.

How to manage your own investmentsIt’s possible to manage your own investments and forgo hiring a financial advisor, and you don’t need an advanced degree to start. The Internet offers a wealth of resources (many of them free), including market data, stock trading websites, apps, and other products to help you make informed decisions. One simple way to get started is to use your company’s 401(k) plan, if you have one, or an individual retirement account (IRA). But you can also invest in individual stocks. Start small to build your confidence and sharpen your portfolio management skills.

　　Portfolio diversificationWhen and how to rebalance your portfolioTax-advantaged investingSaving for retirement or other goalsInvesting on your own takes time. You need to research and develop a strategy, and you’ll be accountable only to yourself. Independent investing is an invaluable skill that could save you money. But if you’re worried you may act impulsively, a financial advisor can advise you on how and when to stay focused or make necessary changes.

　　The bottom lineAs with any service, the more assistance you require, the higher the cost. If you need only occasional advice, a traditional financial advisor who charges a commission (fee based) or charges for their time or specific services may serve you well. Investors with large or complex portfolios that require ongoing monitoring may benefit most from an advisor who charges a fee based on the total assets under management (AUM).

　　Whichever strategy you choose, work closely with your advisor to increase the likelihood of getting the results you’re looking for. And if you prefer to avoid commissions altogether, consider a robo-advisor or other low-cost, automated service. The money you save may be the best reward of all.